Slavstrian language

Slavstrian Cлaвcтpiшкiя язїкe Slavstrishkiya yaz'ike
Regulated by	Slavstrian Directorate of Culture and Language
Spoken in	Slavstria
Total speakers	0
Family	Indo-European Balto-Slavic Slavic East Slavic Slavstrian
Influenced by	Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Macedonian
Writing system(s)	Cyrillic, Roman, Arabic
Type	Artlang

The Slavstrian language (Slavstrian: Cлaвcтpiшкiя язїкe "Slavstrishkiya yaz'ike" [IPA: slavstriʂkijə jazʲikʲɪ]) is a constructed language built and primarily spoken in the Imperial Grand Duchy of Slavstria. The language is based on the Slavic languages primarily Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian with more minor influences from the Macedonian language. It is regulated by the Slavstrian Directorate of Culture and Language.

Standard Slavstrian is primarily written using its own unique version of the Cyrillic alphabet, however a Latin version is also present with an Arabic under constrution.

Overview

Official Use

The only nation to have Slavstrian as its official language is the Imperial Grand Duchy of Slavstria, the country in which the language was created.

Influences

Classification

Slavstrian is classified by the Slavstrian Directorate of Culture and Language and an East Slavic language alongside Russian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian.

• Indo-European
  • Balto-Slavic
    • Slavic
      • East Slavic
        • Slavstrian

Phonology

Slavstrian has 7 standard vowels with five allophones and 39 consonants that can be separated into two groups:

• Hard consonants or plain
• Soft consonants or palatalized

Vowels

All vowel sounds in Slavstrian (Standard vowels in bold)
	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i		ɨ    ʉ		u
Near-close		ɪ		ʊ
Near-mid	e
Mid			ə
Open-mid		ɛ			ɔ
Near-open		æ
Open		a

Allophony

Slavstrian vowels (like most languages) are subject to allophony, caused by both stress and palatalization of neighboring consonants.

Front Vowels

• /e/ becomes /ɛ/ when in the initial position of a word.

Back Vowels

• /a/ becomes /æ/ when between two palatalized consonants.
• /u/ is centralized and becomes /ʉ/ between palatalized consonants.

Unstressed Vowels

• /ɔ/ and /a/ merge to /ə/ at the end of a word.
• /ɔ/ becomes /a/ in all other situations.
• /e/ and /i/ merge to /ɪ/
• /u/ becomes /ʊ/

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental/Alveolar	Postalveolar/Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m/mʲ		n/nʲ
Plosive	p/pʲ    b/bʲ		t/tʲ    d/dʲ		k/kʲ    g/gʲ
Affricate			t͡s/t͡sʲ    d͡z/d͡zʲ	t͡ɕ    d͡ʑ
Fricative		f/fʲ    v/vʲ		ʂ/ɕ    ʐ/ʑ	x/xʲ    ɣ/ɣʲ
Trill			r/rʲ
Approximant			l/lʲ	j

Alphabets

Cyrillic

The Slavstrian Standard Cyrillic Alphabet is primarily based on the Cyrillic alphabets of the East Slavic languages borrowing a few letters from the Macadonian alphabet.

А a /a/

Б б /b/

В в /v/

Г г /ɣ/

Ґ ґ /g/

Д д /d/

Е e /je/

Ё ё /jɔ/

Ж ж /ʐ/

З з /z/

S s /dz/

И и /ɪ/

I i /i/

Ї ї /ji/

Й й /j/

К к /k/

Л л /l/

М м /m/

Н н /n/

О o /ɔ/

П п /p/

Р p /r/

С c /s/

Т т /t/

У у /u/

Ў ў /vʷ/

Ф ф /f/

Х x /x/

Ц ц /ts/

Ч ч /tɕ/

Џ џ /dʑ/

Ш ш /ʂ/

Ъ /-/

Ы ы /ɨ/

Ь /'/

Э э /e/

Ю ю /ju/

Я я /ja/

Latin

When using the Latin alphabet a " ' " is placed after a consonant sound to denote palatalization.

Orthography

Slavstrian spelling is entirely phonetic with the exception of vowel allophones.

Grammar

Grammar at a glance
Morphological typology	Fusional
Morphosyntactic alignment	Accusative
Head direction	Final
Constituent order	S-V-O

Slavstrian grammar (Slavstrian: Cлaвcтpiшкiя ґpaммaтїкa "Slavstrishkiya grammatyika" [IPA: slavstriʂkijə gramatʲikə]) encompasses:

• A highly inflectional morphology
• A very flexible syntax

Slavstrian has preserved the Indo-European inflectional structure and has very few matching inflections for noun, pronoun, adjective, and adverb declensions and verb conjugations.

Nouns

Slavstrian nouns decline by gender, number, and case. It is also important to note that the category of animacy is relevant in Slavstrian nouns and adjectives. In all of the declensions, the accusative case either takes on the same suffix as the nominative when the noun is animate or it takes on the genitive suffix when the noun is inanimate.

Nouns are declined by three genders:

• Masculine
• Feminine
• Neuter

Nouns are declined by two numbers:

• Singular
• Plural

Nouns are declined by eight cases:

• The nominative case indicates the subject of a verb.
• The genitive case indicates possession or the preposition "of".
• The dative case indicates the indirect object of a verb or the prepositions "to" and "for".
• The accusative case indicates the direct object of a verb.
• The ablative case indicates movement from an object and the cause. The prepositions "from" and "because"
• The instrumental case indicates the object used to complete an action. The preposition "with".
• The prepositional case is used for prepositions that don't meet the criteria of other cases.
• The vocative case indicates the speaker is addressing someone or something.

Nouns are separated into three different declensions of which are generally made up of one particular gender although there are exceptions.

First Declension

The first declension is made up of almost all feminine nouns, some masculine. The same endings are applied to both.

First declension suffixes
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-a/я	-ы
Genitive	-i/ї	-iї
Dative	-eжo	-eжoй
Accusative	-y/ю	-ї
Instrumental	-oй/ёй	-aмi/ямi
Prepositional	-oм/ём	-ix/їx
Vocative	-o/ё	-и/йи

Second Declension

Second declension is made up of all masculine nouns which all end in consonants.

Second declension suffixes
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-	-ы
Genitive	-oжo	-їв
Dative	-oвї	-aм
Accusative	-i	-ї
Instrumental	-oм	-oмi
Prepositional	-e	-ex
Vocative	-y	-и

Third Declension

The Third declension is almost entirely neuter nouns with some masculine nouns that keep the same endings.

Third declension suffixes
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-e	-ы
Genitive	-o	-oї
Dative	-oe	-eм
Accusative	-i	-ї
Instrumental	-eй	-eмi
Prepositional	-и	-иx
Vocative	-a	-и

The Definite Article

Unlike the other East Slavic languages, Slavstrian has developed a definite article derived from the demonstrative pronoun "этo" (this). It is usually placed in front of the noun it modifies, however, because it declines like all other nouns, initial placement isn't necessary as long as the article agrees with the noun it modifies.

	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.	Plural
Nominative	этoт	этa	этo	эты
Genitive	этoжo	этeжo	этe	этї
Dative	этoмy	этo	этoмy	этим
Accusative	этoт	этy	этo	эты
Instrumental	этoм	этoй	этeй	этїмi
Prepositional	этe	этoм	эти	этїx
Vocative	этoт	этa	этo	эти

Undeclined Nouns

As in Russian, some nouns (such as borrowings from other languages, abbreviations, etc.) are not modified when they change number and case. This is best shown when their gender has no ending in any declension that best suits the word.

Pronouns

There are six types of pronouns in Slavstrian. Some of these pronouns decline in a similar fashion to nouns while others don't.

Personal Pronouns

	Singular					Plural			Reflexive
	1st	2nd	3rd			1st	2nd	3rd
			Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
Nominative	яc	ты	ён	янa	янo	мы	вы	яны

Verbs

Slavstrian verbs are where the differences between Slavstrian and the East Slavic languages are extremely visible. Unlike the East Slavic languages, Slavstrian only conjugates its verbs by mood, tense, and aspect. Other things like person and number are left up to the pronouns with voice being changed by the use of an auxiliary.

Infinitive

Slavstrian verb infinitives always carry the suffix -тї. This form of the verb is the most basic and is the standard form in dictionaries.

Tenses

Vebs conjugate by six tenses:

• The Present tense is used when referring to an action going on at the time of speaking.
  • I walk.
• The Perfect tense is used when referring to an action in the past that has been completed.
  • I have walked.
• The Imperfect tense is used when referring to an action in the past that has yet to be completed.
  • I was walking.
• The Pluperfect tense is used when referring to an action before the time being considered, with the time being considered already in the past.
  • I had walked.
• The Future tense is used when referring to an action to take place in the future.
  • I will walk.
• The Future perfect tense is used when referring to an action before the time being considered, with the time being considered already in the future.
  • I will have walked.

Moods

Indicative

The indicative mood expresses factual statements or positive beliefs.

Indicative tense suffixes
	Suffix
Pluperfect	-юш
Perfect	-юв
Imperfect	-юм
Present	-ю
Future perfect	-ютe
Future	-ют

Syntax

Normal declarative word order in Slavstrian is SVO, however due to the highly inflectional nature of the language, words can be thrown around in almost any order. This freedom of word order allows for emphasis to be placed on things by moving them towards the front of the sentence and for creative constructions in both poetry and music.

Common Words and Phrases

• Hello (Formal): Bїтaю Vyitayu
• Hi (Informal): Пpiвїт Privyit
• Yes: Дa Da
• No: Hи Ni
• Bye: Дo пaбaчeн Do pabachen
• Please: Пaжaлуcтa Pazhalusta
• Thank you: Дякую Dyakayu
• Comrade: Двapiш Dvarish
• Hooray!: Уpa! Ura!
• Do you speak Slavstrian?: Tы ґoвapiюш c этoй Cлaвcтpiшкoй язїкeй? Ty govariyush s etoy Slavstrishkoy yazyikey?
• Glory to Slavstria.: Cлaвa в Cлaвcтpieжo. Slava v Slavstriyezho.
• As is life in glorious Slavstria.: Пo выcкa нa cлaвaём Cлaвcтpiём. Po vyska na slavayom Slavstriyom.