Draft:Ancient Bradenese

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Ancient Bradenese Civilization
Khisirūthū
Flag of Ancient Bradenese
A standard used by the Ancient Bradenese which functioned as a flag.
Capitalvarious, including Per-Thū, Ha-Per, Ben-Ja, Kawnafthū, and Per-Hasirothū-Ahtothū (importance varies by time period)
Demonym(s)Sirūthū
GovernmentAbsolute Monarchy
• Kha iyat
None, office dissolved
EstablishmentBetween 3000 and 2750 B.C.E.
Today part of

The Ancient Bradenese (Khisirūthū in Ancient Bradenese) were an ancient civilization in what is now the Republic of Bradenland. It began to form around 3000 BC (according to scholarly chronology) and was founded with the territorial unification of its' heartland under Ak-Ha (reigned c. 2850-2790 BC). Centered on the cities of Per-Thū and Ha-Per, the empire exercised influence over a wide area that often included other nations. The history of the Khisirūthū civilization is often divided by scholarly chronology into three 'empires', which were periods of prosperity and political stability, as well as three 'intermezzos', which were periods of strife and political disunity.

The civilization reached the apex of its power under the rulers of the 'New Empire' (i.e. Ahto-Ha-Thu-Lan, Thusiroben, Hasirothu-Ahtothu II) between 1500 and 1100 BC, even ruling much of a nearby country called Metia, after which it began to slowly decline until it fizzled out after 1 AD.

With lots of natural resources, and a need to keep track of them, the administration created a writing system used to encode their language, often called 'medu Khisirūthū' (English: Speech of the Khisirūthū), and began to further exploit the natural resources through massive farming and mining projects, as well as trade with the nearby Metians and the people of the cities of Hakto and Nido further south, and lead extensive military campaigns. In charge of managing these activities were scribes, priests, and governors under the leadership of the 'Kha iyat' (English: Great King) who guaranteed the unification, protection, and wellbeing of the people.

History

Pre-unification

As soon as 4000 BCE and possibly as early as 4500 BCE, tribes developed into a "proto-culture" of sorts, showing knowledge in farming and keeping livestock. Starting around 3000 BCE, there were several independent polities in the region. In the time frame of 1000 years, the culture had grown from simple farming into a stable and powerful civilization where the leaders had firm control. Some centers of this culture include Per-Thū and Ha-Per. The material culture included several fine works, including pottery, gemstones, and jewelry. Towards the very end of the period, the city of Per-Thū grew to such dominance that it began to control the other polities in the region.

The Early Dynastic Period, c. 2850 - c. 2450 BC

The historian Man-Thū-Tan of Ha-Per categorized the long history of rulers from the unification to his own time (around 180 BC) into a series of dynasties. He began this history by including Neb, the so-called "Ancient of This (Per-Thū)," often credited with the unification into one state.

Ak-Ha is known to Bradenese historians to have been the same as Neb, and the unifier of the several polities of Ancient Bradenland into one state. During the First Dynasty, as given by Man-Thū-Tan, the earliest of the dynastic rulers moved the administrative capital to Ha-Per, where they could control the agriculture of both halves of his kingdom, as well as important trade routes leading to Hakto. The power of the kings of the First Dynasty was exemplified by the facts that they built larger tombs than their pre-unification predecessors, with more lavish funerary objects within. The important institution of kingship was important to hold control over the civilization's land, labor, and resources.

The Old Empire, c. 2450 - c. 2200 BC

The developments of the Early Dynastic Khisirūthū led to the Old Empire, the first of three golden ages. Major technological, artistic, and architectural advancements were made during this period, which was fueled by an increase in agricultural production, made possible by a strong administration. Some of the most important works of the Ancient Bradenese civilization, like the Tomb of Akben, were constructed during the Old Empire. The advisor was in charge of appointing officials on behalf of the King. These officials collected taxes, initiated agriculture projects, and established a system of justice.

The central government also grew more powerful as a class of skilled workers became allowed to participate in government jobs. These officials were granted wealth by the King as payment for their work. Eventually these officials began to overshadow their king in power as the economy began to decline. Regional governors became increasingly more powerful and began to challenge the authority of the power of the king. This, along with unfavorable climate conditions, led to the rapid decline and the beginning of the First Intermezzo of strife which lasted for about 150 years.

The First Intermezzo, c. 2200 - c. 2050 BC

The Middle Empire, c. 2050 - c. 1800 BC

The Second Intermezzo, c. 1800 - c. 1550 BC

The New Empire, c. 1550 - c. 1075 BC

The Third Intermezzo, c. 1075 - c. 650 BC

The Late Dynastic Period, c. 650 - c. 1 A.D.